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Last Updated: January 13, 2021

Download the Welding Symbol Guide in .PDF Form:

I made this for the contest. I was bored and im pretty sure no one else chose this. My username is supabest. The amount a circle rotates is also lessened when making a new account and is incredibly frustrating. I live in the UK with no VPN, tried multiple different browsers and the windows 10 roblox app to no avail.

Do you need to study on the run? Download the symbols chart as .PDF here.

Becoming a professional welder is rewarding and provides a lifelong opportunity to enjoy fulfilling employment worldwide. There are many challenges along the way, and most are practical skill-based challenges. However, sooner or later you will be faced with drawings you’re required to weld from. If your experience is anything like mine, you’ll find some draftsmen can make life tough with their drawing attempts.

Some are better than others, but you will inevitably be faced with a few that provide you with little more than a headache on paper. It is helpful to understand welding symbols so that when you’re faced with complicated drawings, the symbols will be one less obstacle to overcome.

Welding Symbols Test

There are also various theoretical tests you may be required to take during your career, including your qualification and certification tests. It’s equally crucial to master these symbols to gain your qualification. Although some test symbols are simple, you can’t trust your working experience alone. Studying this guide to welding symbols will help ensure you are one step closer to acing your next exam.

Welding Symbols

Some welding symbols look complicated, but when they are broken down, you will see they’re quite simple. The symbols are illustrations of the pre-weld joint looking side on, as through a cross-section. Each symbol is explained individually, with its weld profile alongside it.

There are two systems that are used for interpretation, and four sections of different symbols explained in this article: the base platform, base butt weld symbols, other base symbols, and supplementary symbols. Each section stands alone if you need to focus on one set of symbols, but reading through all four will give you a helpful grasp of the overall system.

1. The Base Platform

This symbol is a simple platform for displaying the characteristics and surrounding details for your welds. It has three parts:

1. The arrow line: this points to the general location of the weld.
2. The reference line: this is where the details are placed about the type of weld and the specific location.
3. The tail: this is where the complementary details, separate from the specifics, are placed. This includes welding standards, material types, and the welding process required.

The Two Drawing Systems

There are two systems the base symbol comes in, and they are each interpreted differently. The specific system will be indicated on the plans, and both systems will not be included on one drawing.

System A System B

Base system A

Base system A is distinguished by the dash lines underneath the reference line. As the image illustrates, when the welding symbol is on the dashed line side, the weld needs to be on the opposite side of the arrow. When the welding symbol is on top of the reference line, the weld needs to be on the same side as the arrow. Sometimes drawings are very full, so this rule is necessary in case there is no room for the base symbol to be on the side the weld is.

Base system B

Base system B is recognized by the absence of dashes below the reference line. Here, when the welding symbol is on the underside of the reference line, the weld is on the side the arrow points at. When the symbol is on the top side of the reference line, the weld is on the opposite side of the pointer.

Base Butt Symbols

As the name states, these joints are distinguished by their butting up to each other end to end. For example, two plates sit flat on their faces aligned parallel and straight across their tops, and they are welded on one or both sides depending on the symbol.

Single-Sided Butt Welds

These joints are only welded on one side and are easily recognized as single-sided by their symbol. The symbols reveal their required weld prep, and the type of weld needed is determined by other symbols.

Square butt

This joint has no weld prep. Both plates have square ends, just as the symbol displays two square angles.

Single V butt

The single V butt joint has a 45° weld prep on one side of each plate the full depth of the material. The joined plates will form a V shape as the symbol indicates.

Single V butt with broad root face

Similar to the single V butt, this weld prep has a 45° angle on one side of each plate from the top of the metal to no more than ¾ of the way down the plate depth, leaving a section of material below. The joint imitates its symbol as a Y.

Single bevel butt

This butt prep has a 45° angle cut the full depth on one side of a single plate, while the other end is square as the symbol displays.

Single bevel butt with broad root face

With one square end and a 45° bevel on the other side only partly through the plate, the weld prep will look like its symbol, as a lowercase r without an arc.

Single U butt

Both plates have a corner cut out in a ¼ moon shape about ¾ of the plate gauge deep to form a U partway through the joined sections, as the symbol shows.

Single J butt

One plate has a square end, while the other has a corner cut out in a ¼ moon shape partway through the plate thickness, forming a mild J when joined, as you can see in the symbol.

Double-Sided Butt Joints

These welds are precisely the same as single-sided butt joints, except both sides are prepped and welded.

Double-sided V butt

Both ends of each plate have a 45° bevel cut out meeting halfway through the plate to form a point. When joined together, the points meet. This creates an X as seen in the symbol, the full depth of the joint.

Double-sided bevel butt

One plate has no weld prep, keeping its corners square. The other side has two 45° bevels finishing along the middle to make a point. As the symbol displays, the joined plates will form a K.

Double-sided U butt

Both sides of the two plates have a ¼ moon cut out, leaving a section about one-quarter to one-half the plate gauge in the center between the two weld preps. When joined together, they make a U on top of an n, just as you see in the symbol.

Other Base Symbols

Butt welds and fillet welds are the most common types of stitch. However, unlike the majority of butt welds, the different kinds of fillet welds are indicated by supplementary symbols added to the fillet symbol. Following are all the other base welding symbols which are not butt welds, including the fillet symbol.

Fillet

This symbol has a right-angled triangle, since the most common fillet joint is between two plates at a right angle to each other. Usually, it’s between a 90° joint, or somewhere close.

Plug

One plate with a hole sits on top of another plain plate. The plug weld fuses the two plates together, with a weld inside it completely filling the hole. Its symbol is the least clear of them all, but it displays the plug’s hole in a cross-section view of the top plate.

Resistance spot

Two plates are fused together by creating heat from electrical resistance between the plates with a resistance spot welder. Its symbol is a circle, the same shape as a spot weld.

Resistance seam

This is like a resistance spot weld, only the electrical resistance creates a long seam weld rather than a single spot. Similar to the spot welds symbol, the seam weld has two parallel lines through the circle symbolizing the seam weld having length like a slot shape. The resistance seam creates a circle shape which is spread out lengthwise.

Supplementary Symbols

These symbols are added to the base symbols to clarify the type of weld required. They include characteristics of the weld, how and where to weld it, and the finishing features needed.

Flush finish

This symbol signifies that the weld needs to be machined or ground back flush to the level of the rest of the plate. Its symbol is a straight line showing what the finished surface will look like.

Convex

The convex finish of a weld curves outwards like a balloon away from the weld, just as its symbol displays.

Concave

The concave’s symbol is curved the opposite direction from the convex, symbolizing that the weld should be finished with an inward curve like the inside of a bowl. It is often a finish used with fillet welds.

Racking weld

This is when the bottom of a weld prep like a V or U needs a small initial weld at the weld prep’s base before fully welding it. It gives substance for the full weld to take place without blowing through from excessive heat when only a thin section of material remains. Its symbol as a curved line is placed underneath or on top of the base symbol, depending on what side of the reference line the base symbol is on.

Consumable insert

Inside a weld prep, a consumable plug is inserted at the bottom where there is space between the two sections. The insert is fused in with the weld and stops the bottom from blowing out. Its symbol is the shape of a round insert looking at it side on.

Weld entirely around

This symbol circles the corner of the base platform to show that the section being pointed at needs welding the whole way around it, like a circle.

Weld between points

The drawing will show two points like an X and a Y, for example, between sections needing welding. The arrows of the symbol between the two letters indicate that a weld needs to run the full length between the two marks.

Weld on site

This symbol has a flag showing the weld needs to be done on site, not in the workshop. Just as a flag is positioned to mark a country’s site, so this flag indicates it must be welded at the project’s site.

Staggered intermittent weld

This requires welds to be staggered intermittently across side one and side two of a section. Don’t weld the full length of both sides. Instead, weld even stitches across side one. Then imitate the welds along side two, but in between side one’s welds, not aligned with them.

The Z-shaped symbol with a line passing through its center displays the effect of a 7 in a mirror. It shows two 7s equally proportioned but flipped, making a Z. Likewise, the staggered intermittent weld is equal on both sides of a feature, but flipped so that the welds sit in different places but with the same spaces.

Conclusion

As you can see, the system surrounding welding symbols isn’t too difficult. Most symbols are based on the cross-section view of the joints they represent. Be sure to download the PDF version of this welding symbol guide to refer to on the job and ensure your welds are correct according to the drawing.

Feel free to leave a comment below with any questions you may have.

Sources used:

• Welding Symbols
• Supplementary Symbols

Solid Modeling is a concept that has existed in the world of digital modeling for quite some time. There are many solid modeling techniques, including constructive solid geometry, which is essentially a scheme for combining (or de-combining) primitive objects to create a visually complex 3D product. We believe the idea of Solid Modeling will revolutionize the art of ROBLOX building and game creation, and we have officially launched it as a feature in ROBLOX Studio. Now, you can create more complex shapes by combining parts — and do so in a more efficient manner than ever. We can’t wait to see what our community creates with this newfound building freedom and flexibility. Let’s discuss what Solid Modeling means for your Studio experience, and the future of digital creation and distribution on ROBLOX.

New Concepts

As stated above, the general idea behind Solid Modeling is that you have more creative control over the things you build in ROBLOX Studio. This introduces three new concepts to building in Studio: Union Parts, Negate Parts and Separation.

Union Parts means that you can add separate parts together to create a complex part, than save that union as one part. Union parts represent the most basic application of Solid Modeling, but it’s arguably the most exciting aspect. This means that you can now create highly detailed parts made from many pieces, and fuse those pieces into a single part. This will go a long way in reducing graphics lag in many ROBLOX games, while allowing builders to create more complex creations, and share them efficiently.

Negated Parts represent the opposite end of the spectrum — you can now selectively remove shapes from existing parts to sculpt objects. The best example of this notion is a cup. Building a cup in ROBLOX Studio isn’t impossible, but it isn’t easy either. With Solid Modeling, you can generate a solid cylinder, then put a slightly smaller cylinder inside of it. Removing the inner cylinder hollows out the larger, outer cylinder, giving you a cup. Easy as that. To make a handle, follow a similar process. Make a horizontal cylinder, another inside it, then remove the inner cylinder, and move the handle into place.

The Separate feature lets you restore both Union and Negated parts back to their original state in Studio. If you want to tinker with a complex part another user has created, you can do so with each and every individual piece that went into the creation of the complex part.

Examples

Many developers on our Developer Forum have been experimenting with Solid Modeling, and have produced some amazing results. Check out this train that SpaceK531 built. The image above is the rendered train, and below it is the amount of parts the train saved with.

As you can see, despite the many incredibly nuanced details, the train is saved as a model with less than 30 parts. How is this possible? The grates on the side of the train are a great example of Solid modeling. To make grates like that previously, you’d need to add hundreds of parts. With Solid Modeling, each of those grates were sculpted from a single part — selectively removed squares from single a 3D rectangle create the effect.

As we mentioned above, we’ve already seen some mind blowing examples of Selective Modeling from our community of developers and builders. Don’t take our word for it either — take a look at some of the creations that have surfaced already. Now that Solid Modeling is enabled, we can’t wait to see what you all continue to build and share. We’re not even close to done with this update either — our Studio team is currently hard at work tweaking the physics system to closely match the weight of the objects you create (removing pieces from a 3D object technically make it lighter — we’re on it!) and simulate collisions with complex surfaces.

by DieSoft

by eprent

Demo

We demonstrated how to use the features of Solid Modeling in a live Twitch broadcast on release day. You can watch the archived video below.

What physics support is currently available for complex shapes?

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ROBLOX currently only supports collisions between convex shapes (no holes, indentations or valleys). The current shapes we support are blocks, spheres, wedges and corner wedges.

What physics support is coming in the future?

With the initial introduction of Solid Modeling, we will treat all complex parts as a block the same size as its bounding box for collision and motion purposes. Coming shortly thereafter we will support collisions with Solid Modeling objects using a much more accurate representation of the object’s geometry. This collision shape will be based on a convex decomposition of the generalized complex shape, and will be able to handle holes and other concavities with respect to motion and contact. We’re also planning on making improvements in fidelity and performance for Solid Modeling, improvements in performance on terrain collisions, and new types of joints and improvements in fidelity.

How do Welded parts compare to Unioned parts?

From a physics perspective, a Unioned part requires fewer physics objects to be maintained in memory than the equivalent shape constructed with welds. However, a Welded part can be broken apart during simulation.

What happens when decals are applied to complex shape?

Decals will apply to the object as though they’re being beamed on a wall using a projector. It will project on all sides that the projector is facing.

Circle And Square Game

What happens when parts of different colors are Unioned?

The color of the first part selected will take precedence over the second. If you Union a Negated part to a part with a different color, the color of the Negated part will peel off into that part’s surface.

What happens when parts of different materials are Unioned?

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The material of the first part is used. Unions can not yet have different materials inside.

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